Bitcoin 挖礦硬件指南
專門嘅 ASIC 機器係專為 Bitcoin 挖礦而造。按哈希率、效率同散熱類型比較礦機。
挖礦硬件嘅演變
挖礦硬件自 2009 年以嚟經歷咗翻天覆地嘅變化，每部機嘅哈希率增加咗超過十億倍。
創世紀時代
CPU Hashrate: kH/s最初礦工用 CPU 挖礦，但好快就變得太慢，仲會拖累系統資源。
首次專門化
GPU & FPGA Hashrate: MH/s礦工轉用 GPU，之後再轉到 FPGA，哈希速度快 50-100 倍，耗電更少。
ASIC 革命
ASIC Hashrate: GH/s → TH/sASIC 以前所未有嘅速度主導，相比 GPU 同 FPGA 耗電大幅減少。
工業時代
ASIC Hashrate: 10–100+ TH/s營運擴展到倉庫同貨櫃式數據中心，達到工業規模。
效率時代
ASIC Hashrate: 200–600+ TH/s隨住難度上升同重複減半，現代 Bitcoin 挖礦好似高密度數據中心基礎設施，針對能源效率進行優化。
Bitcoin 挖礦硬件自 Satoshi Nakamoto 喺 2009 年 1 月挖出創世區塊以嚟經歷咗非凡嘅演變。喺最早期，任何人都可以喺普通桌面電腦上用 CPU 挖 Bitcoin。區塊來得慢，難度幾乎為零，網絡哈希率以每秒千次哈希計算。
到 2011 年，礦工發現顯示卡（GPU）計算 SHA-256 哈希嘅速度比 CPU 快 50 至 100 倍。GPU 挖礦場出現，難度開始無情咁攀升。大約同期，FPGA（Field-Programmable Gate Arrays）作為過渡技術出現，比 GPU 更節能。
真正嘅轉捩點喺 2013 年出現，就係 ASIC（Application-Specific Integrated Circuits）。唔似通用晶片，ASIC 由設計之初就只為一個目的而造：計算 SHA-256 哈希。性能嘅飛躍係巨大嘅。Bitmain、MicroBT 同 Canaan 等公司成為主導嘅硬件製造商。
2021 至 2023 年標誌住由個人礦工轉向工業規模營運。上市挖礦公司籌集數十億資金，將數以萬計嘅 ASIC 部署喺專門建造嘅設施、改建倉庫同模組化貨櫃數據中心入面。營運者追逐廉價能源，包括伴生氣、剩餘水電同錶後可再生能源。
今日嘅挖礦格局同 2009 年已經完全唔同。嚟自 Bitmain（Antminer S21 系列）同 MicroBT（Whatsminer M60 系列）等製造商嘅現代 ASIC 每部產出 200 至 600+ TH/s，能源效率低於 20 J/TH。全球網絡哈希率超過 700 EH/s。隨住 2024 年 4 月減半將區塊獎勵降至 3.125 BTC，每一瓦能源同每一焦耳效率都比以往更重要。挖礦已經成為一門精密嘅基礎設施生意。
礦機類別
2026 年最佳 Bitcoin 礦機，由低功耗家用設備到高性能 ASIC，按散熱類型分類。
家用同興趣礦機
Bitaxe Gamma 601
Latest single-chip open-source miner using a BM1370 from the S21 Pro; 1.2 TH/s at just 18W with 15 J/TH efficiency.
NerdQAxe++
Quad-chip open-source miner with 4× BM1370 ASICs, LCD display, and WiFi; popular mid-range home miner at 4.8 TH/s.
Apollo III
US-built 3nm home miner and full node with 8-core ARM, 2 TB SSD; Eco mode under 35 dB at 15 J/TH, Turbo up to 18 TH/s.
Avalon Nano 3S
Updated Nano with 50% more hashrate at the same 140W; WiFi/Ethernet, web interface, and quiet enough for home use.
| 礦機 | 哈希率 | 功率 | 效率 | 狀態 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bitaxe Ultra 204
|
500 GH/s | 11W | 22.0 J/TH | Available |
Bitaxe Supra 402
|
700 GH/s | 14W | 20.0 J/TH | Available |
|
Bitaxe Gamma 601
|
1.2 TH/s | 18W | 15.0 J/TH | Available |
Bitaxe GT 801
|
2.15 TH/s | 43W | 18.0 J/TH | Available |
Bitaxe Hex
|
3.2 TH/s | 65W | 20.0 J/TH | Available |
NerdQAxe+
|
2.5 TH/s | 50W | 20.0 J/TH | Available |
|
NerdQAxe++
|
4.8 TH/s | 72W | 15.0 J/TH | Available |
NerdQAxe++ Rev 6.1
|
6 TH/s | 100W | 16.7 J/TH | Available |
NerdOCTAxe Rev 3.1
|
12 TH/s | 240W | 20.0 J/TH | Available |
Lucky Miner LV06
|
500 GH/s | 13W | 26.0 J/TH | Available |
GekkoScience Compac F
|
300 GH/s | 10W | 33.3 J/TH | Available |
GekkoScience Compac A1
|
400 GH/s | 15W | 37.5 J/TH | Available |
GekkoScience Terminus R909
|
1.6 TH/s | 70W | 43.8 J/TH | Available |
Apollo II
|
8 TH/s | 275W | 34.4 J/TH | Available |
|
Apollo III
|
12 TH/s | 180W | 15.0 J/TH | Available |
Avalon Nano 3
|
4 TH/s | 140W | 35.0 J/TH | Available |
|
Avalon Nano 3S
|
6 TH/s | 140W | 23.3 J/TH | Available |
Heatbit Trio
|
10 TH/s | 400W | 40.0 J/TH | Available |
Heatbit Maxi Pro
|
60 TH/s | 1500W | 25.0 J/TH | Available |
高性能：風冷礦機
Antminer S21 XP
Bitmain's top air-cooled miner with 5nm chips delivering class-leading 13.5 J/TH efficiency.
Antminer S21 Pro
High-performance air-cooled unit offering strong efficiency at 15 J/TH in a proven form factor.
Whatsminer M60S
MicroBT's flagship air-cooled model with reliable performance and solid 18.5 J/TH efficiency.
Avalon A15 Pro
Canaan's latest air-cooled ASIC, competitive at 16.65 J/TH with 220 TH/s output.
| 礦機 | 哈希率 | 功率 | 效率 | 狀態 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Antminer S21 XP
|
270 TH/s | 3645W | 13.5 J/TH | Available |
|
Antminer S21 Pro
|
234 TH/s | 3510W | 15.0 J/TH | Available |
|
Whatsminer M60S
|
186 TH/s | 3441W | 18.5 J/TH | Available |
|
Avalon A15 Pro
|
220 TH/s | 3662W | 16.65 J/TH | Available |
Antminer S23
|
318 TH/s | 3498W | 11.0 J/TH | Available |
Antminer S21+
|
235 TH/s | 3877W | 16.5 J/TH | Available |
Antminer S21
|
200 TH/s | 3500W | 17.5 J/TH | Available |
Antminer T21
|
190 TH/s | 3610W | 19.0 J/TH | Available |
Avalon A1566
|
185 TH/s | 3420W | 18.5 J/TH | Available |
Avalon A1466
|
150 TH/s | 3230W | 21.5 J/TH | Available |
Whatsminer M50S++
|
160 TH/s | 3520W | 22.0 J/TH | Available |
Antminer S19 XP
|
140 TH/s | 3010W | 21.5 J/TH | Available |
Antminer S19k Pro
|
120 TH/s | 2760W | 23.0 J/TH | Available |
高性能：水冷礦機
Antminer S23 Hyd
Bitmain's hydro-cooled powerhouse delivering 580 TH/s at an exceptional 9.5 J/TH.
Antminer S21 XP Hyd
Hydro-cooled S21 XP variant pushing 473 TH/s at 12 J/TH for serious operations.
Whatsminer M63S
MicroBT's high-output hydro-cooled unit producing 390 TH/s at 18.5 J/TH.
Antminer S23 Hyd 3U
Rack-mounted hydro-cooled beast delivering 1,160 TH/s at 9.5 J/TH for industrial operations.
| 礦機 | 哈希率 | 功率 | 效率 | 狀態 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Antminer S23 Hyd
|
580 TH/s | 5510W | 9.5 J/TH | Available |
|
Antminer S21 XP Hyd
|
473 TH/s | 5676W | 12.0 J/TH | Available |
|
Whatsminer M63S
|
390 TH/s | 7215W | 18.5 J/TH | Available |
|
Antminer S23 Hyd 3U
|
1160 TH/s | 11020W | 9.5 J/TH | Available |
高性能：浸入式散熱礦機
Antminer S21 XP Immersion
Bitmain's immersion-optimized S21 XP delivering 300 TH/s at best-in-class 13.5 J/TH.
Auradine Teraflux AI3680
Auradine's high-output immersion miner pushing 375 TH/s at 15 J/TH from a new entrant.
Whatsminer M66S++
MicroBT's top immersion model with 348 TH/s at 15.5 J/TH efficiency.
Avalon A1566I
Canaan's immersion-cooled ASIC delivering 261 TH/s at 17.2 J/TH.
| 礦機 | 哈希率 | 功率 | 效率 | 狀態 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Antminer S21 XP Immersion
|
300 TH/s | 4050W | 13.5 J/TH | Available |
|
Auradine Teraflux AI3680
|
375 TH/s | 5625W | 15.0 J/TH | Available |
|
Whatsminer M66S++
|
348 TH/s | 5394W | 15.5 J/TH | Available |
|
Avalon A1566I
|
261 TH/s | 4500W | 17.2 J/TH | Available |
Whatsminer M66S
|
298 TH/s | 5513W | 18.5 J/TH | Available |
Whatsminer M56S++
|
254 TH/s | 5588W | 22.0 J/TH | Available |
Antminer S23 Immersion
|
442 TH/s | 5304W | 12.0 J/TH | Available |
- 哈希率
- 功率
- 效率
- 散熱
- 狀態