比特币挖矿硬件指南

被称为 ASIC 的专用机器是专为比特币挖矿而设计的。按算力、能效和冷却类型比较矿机。

挖矿硬件的发展历程

自 2009 年以来,挖矿硬件发生了巨大变化,单机算力增长超过十亿倍。

2009–2012

创世纪时代

CPU 算力:kH/s

最初,矿工使用中央处理器(CPU)挖矿,但很快速度不够,且拖慢了系统资源。

2011–2013

首次专业化

GPU 和 FPGA 算力:MH/s

矿工转向图形处理器(GPU),后来又转向现场可编程门阵列(FPGA),算力提高 50-100 倍,同时功耗更低。

2013–2017

ASIC 革命

ASIC 算力:GH/s → TH/s

专用集成电路(ASIC)矿机接管了市场,与 GPU 和 FPGA 相比速度空前,同时功耗大幅降低。

2021–2023

工业时代

ASIC 算力:10–100+ TH/s

挖矿继续使用 ASIC 芯片,但运营扩展到仓库和集装箱式数据中心,达到工业规模。

2024 至今

效率时代

ASIC 算力:200–600+ TH/s

随着难度提高和多次减半,现代比特币挖矿已类似于针对能效优化的高密度数据中心基础设施。

家用和业余矿机

单独和抽奖挖矿 低功耗且安静 即插即用,安装简便 多为开源
Bitaxe Gamma 601

Bitaxe Gamma 601

Latest single-chip open-source miner using a BM1370 from the S21 Pro; 1.2 TH/s at just 18W with 15 J/TH efficiency.

NerdQAxe++

NerdQAxe++

Quad-chip open-source miner with 4× BM1370 ASICs, LCD display, and WiFi; popular mid-range home miner at 4.8 TH/s.

Apollo III

Apollo III

US-built 3nm home miner and full node with 8-core ARM, 2 TB SSD; Eco mode under 35 dB at 15 J/TH, Turbo up to 18 TH/s.

Avalon Nano 3S

Avalon Nano 3S

Updated Nano with 50% more hashrate at the same 140W; WiFi/Ethernet, web interface, and quiet enough for home use.

高性能:风冷矿机

中小型运营 安装简便 效率较低 噪音大、温度高
Antminer S21 XP

Antminer S21 XP

Bitmain's top air-cooled miner with 5nm chips delivering class-leading 13.5 J/TH efficiency.

Antminer S21 Pro

Antminer S21 Pro

High-performance air-cooled unit offering strong efficiency at 15 J/TH in a proven form factor.

Whatsminer M60S

Whatsminer M60S

MicroBT's flagship air-cooled model with reliable performance and solid 18.5 J/TH efficiency.

Avalon A15 Pro

Avalon A15 Pro

Canaan's latest air-cooled ASIC, competitive at 16.65 J/TH with 220 TH/s output.

高性能:水冷矿机

中大型矿场 安装困难 效率更高 更安静、更凉爽
Antminer S23 Hyd

Antminer S23 Hyd

Bitmain's hydro-cooled powerhouse delivering 580 TH/s at an exceptional 9.5 J/TH.

Antminer S21 XP Hyd

Antminer S21 XP Hyd

Hydro-cooled S21 XP variant pushing 473 TH/s at 12 J/TH for serious operations.

Whatsminer M63S

Whatsminer M63S

MicroBT's high-output hydro-cooled unit producing 390 TH/s at 18.5 J/TH.

Antminer S23 Hyd 3U

Antminer S23 Hyd 3U

Rack-mounted hydro-cooled beast delivering 1,160 TH/s at 9.5 J/TH for industrial operations.

高性能:浸没式冷却矿机

大型运营 安装最困难 效率极高 最安静、最凉爽
Antminer S21 XP Immersion

Antminer S21 XP Immersion

Bitmain's immersion-optimized S21 XP delivering 300 TH/s at best-in-class 13.5 J/TH.

Auradine Teraflux AI3680

Auradine Teraflux AI3680

Auradine's high-output immersion miner pushing 375 TH/s at 15 J/TH from a new entrant.

Whatsminer M66S++

Whatsminer M66S++

MicroBT's top immersion model with 348 TH/s at 15.5 J/TH efficiency.

Avalon A1566I

Avalon A1566I

Canaan's immersion-cooled ASIC delivering 261 TH/s at 17.2 J/TH.